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2015 ; 21
(5
): 490-503
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Anti-endotoxic activity and structural basis for human MD-2·TLR4 antagonism of
tetraacylated lipid A mimetics based on ?GlcN(1?1)?GlcN scaffold
#MMPMID25394365
Garate JA
; Stöckl J
; Fernández-Alonso Mdel C
; Artner D
; Haegman M
; Oostenbrink C
; Jiménez-Barbero J
; Beyaert R
; Heine H
; Kosma P
; Zamyatina A
Innate Immun
2015[Jul]; 21
(5
): 490-503
PMID25394365
show ga
Interfering with LPS binding by the co-receptor protein myeloid differentiation
factor 2 (MD-2) represents a useful approach for down-regulation of
MD-2·TLR4-mediated innate immune signaling, which is implicated in the
pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including sepsis syndrome. The
antagonistic activity of a series of novel synthetic tetraacylated
bis-phosphorylated glycolipids based on the ?GlcN(1?1)?GlcN scaffold was assessed
in human monocytic macrophage-like cell line THP-1, dendritic cells and human
epithelial cells. Two compounds were shown to inhibit efficiently the LPS-induced
inflammatory signaling by down-regulation of the expression of TNF-?, IL-6, IL-8,
IL-10 and IL-12 to background levels. The binding of the tetraacylated by
(R)-3-hydroxy-fatty acids (2?×?C12, 2?×?C14), 4,4'-bisphosphorylated
?GlcN(1?1)?GlcN-based lipid A mimetic DA193 to human MD-2 was calculated to be
20-fold stronger than that of Escherichia coli lipid A. Potent antagonistic
activity was related to a specific molecular shape induced by the
?,?(1?1)-diglucosamine backbone. 'Co-planar' relative arrangement of the GlcN
rings was inflicted by the double exo-anomeric conformation around both
glycosidic torsions in the rigid ?,?(1?1) linkage, which was ascertained using
NOESY NMR experiments and confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. In contrast
to the native lipid A ligands, the binding affinity of ?GlcN(1?1)?GlcN-based
lipid A mimetics to human MD-2 was independent on the orientation of the
diglucosamine backbone of the synthetic antagonist within the binding pocket of
hMD-2 (rotation by 180°) allowing for two equally efficient binding modes as
shown by molecular dynamics simulation.