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2015 ; 3
(ä): 1
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
The Wnt/?-catenin pathway in human fibrotic-like diseases and its eligibility as
a therapeutic target
#MMPMID26056602
Enzo MV
; Rastrelli M
; Rossi CR
; Hladnik U
; Segat D
Mol Cell Ther
2015[]; 3
(ä): 1
PMID26056602
show ga
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in a variety of biological
processes like cell proliferation, cell polarity, and cell fate determination.
This pathway has been extensively investigated as its deregulation is linked to
different diseases, including various types of cancer, skeletal defects, birth
defect disorders (including neural tube defects), metabolic diseases,
neurodegenerative disorders and several fibrotic diseases like desmoid tumors. In
the "on state", beta-catenin, the key effector of Wnt signaling, enters the
nucleus where it binds to the members of the TCF-LEF family of transcription
factors and exerts its effect on gene transcription. Disease development can be
caused by direct or indirect alterations of the Wnt/?-catenin signaling. In the
first case germline or somatic mutations of the Wnt components are associated to
several diseases such as the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) - caused by
germline mutations of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC)
- and the desmoid-like fibromatosis, a sporadic tumor associated with somatic
mutations of the ?-catenin gene (CTNNB1). In the second case, epigenetic
modifications and microenvironmental factors have been demonstrated to play a key
role in Wnt pathway activation. The natural autocrine Wnt signaling acts through
agonists and antagonists competing for the Wnt receptors. Anomalies in this
regulation, whichever is their etiology, are an important part in the
pathogenesis of Wnt pathway linked diseases. An example is promoter
hypermethylation of Wnt antagonists, such as SFRPs, that causes gene silencing
preventing their function and consequently leading to the activation of the Wnt
pathway. Microenvironmental factors, such as the extracellular matrix, growth
factors and inflammatory mediators, represent another type of indirect mechanism
that influence Wnt pathway activation. A favorable microenvironment can lead to
aberrant fibroblasts activation and accumulation of ECM proteins with subsequent
tissue fibrosis that can evolve in fibrotic disease or tumor. Since the
development and progression of several diseases is the outcome of the Wnt pathway
cross-talk with other signaling pathways and inflammatory factors, it is
important to consider not only direct inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway but
also inhibitors of microenvironmental factors as promising therapeutic approaches
for several tumors of fibrotic origin.