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2015 ; 5
(2
): 382-97
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Role played by Prx1-dependent extracellular matrix properties in vascular smooth
muscle development in embryonic lungs
#MMPMID26064466
Ihida-Stansbury K
; Ames J
; Chokshi M
; Aiad N
; Sanyal S
; Kawabata KC
; Levental I
; Sundararaghavan HG
; Burdick JA
; Janmey P
; Miyazono K
; Wells RG
; Jones PL
Pulm Circ
2015[Jun]; 5
(2
): 382-97
PMID26064466
show ga
Although there are many studies focusing on the molecular pathways underlying
lung vascular morphogenesis, the extracellular matrix (ECM)-dependent regulation
of mesenchymal cell differentiation in vascular smooth muscle development needs
better understanding. In this study, we demonstrate that the paired related
homeobox gene transcription factor Prx1 maintains the elastic ECM properties,
which are essential for vascular smooth muscle precursor cell differentiation. We
have found that Prx1(null) mouse lungs exhibit defective vascular smooth muscle
development, downregulated elastic ECM expression, and compromised transforming
growth factor (TGF)-? localization and signaling. Further characterization of ECM
properties using decellularized lung ECM scaffolds derived from Prx1 mice
demonstrated that Prx1 is required to maintain lung ECM stiffness. The results of
cell culture using stiffness-controlled 2-D and 3-D synthetic substrates
confirmed that Prx1-dependent ECM stiffness is essential for promotion of smooth
muscle precursor differentiation for effective TGF-? stimulation. Supporting
these results, both decellularized Prx1(null) lung ECM and Prx1(WT) (wild type)
ECM scaffolds with blocked TGF-? failed to support mesenchymal cell to 3-D smooth
muscle cell differentiation. These results suggest a novel ECM-dependent
regulatory pathway of lung vascular development wherein Prx1 regulates lung
vascular smooth muscle precursor development by coordinating the ECM biophysical
and biochemical properties.