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2015 ; 161
(5
): 1124-1137
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Chromosomes Progress to Metaphase in Multiple Discrete Steps via Global
Compaction/Expansion Cycles
#MMPMID26000485
Liang Z
; Zickler D
; Prentiss M
; Chang FS
; Witz G
; Maeshima K
; Kleckner N
Cell
2015[May]; 161
(5
): 1124-1137
PMID26000485
show ga
Mammalian mitotic chromosome morphogenesis was analyzed by 4D live-cell and
snapshot deconvolution fluorescence imaging. Prophase chromosomes, whose
organization was previously unknown, are revealed to comprise co-oriented sister
linear loop arrays displayed along a single, peripheral, regularly kinked
topoisomerase II/cohesin/condensin II axis. Thereafter, rather than smooth,
progressive compaction as generally envisioned, progression to metaphase is a
discontinuous process involving chromosome expansion as well as compaction. At
late prophase, dependent on topoisomerase II and with concomitant cohesin
release, chromosomes expand, axes split and straighten, and chromatin loops
transit to a radial disposition around now-central axes. Finally, chromosomes
globally compact, giving the metaphase state. These patterns are consistent with
the hypothesis that the molecular events of chromosome morphogenesis are governed
by accumulation and release of chromosome stress, created by chromatin compaction
and expansion. Chromosome state could evolve analogously throughout the cell
cycle.