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10.1098/rsos.140022 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1098/rsos.140022 C4448875!4448875 !26064624     free     free     free Warning: Undefined variable $yww in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 538 Warning: Undefined variable $yww in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 538 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26064624 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       R+Soc+Open+Sci 2015 ; 2 (4 ): 140022 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=26064624 |t=2015. Neanderthal bone flutes : simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens |pdf=|usr=}}{{26064624 }} gab.com Text Neanderthal bone flutes : simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens JO: R Soc Open Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26064624 #FOAvip Punctured extinct cave bear femora were misidentified in southeastern Europe (Hungary/Slovenia) as 'Palaeolithic bone flutes' and the 'oldest Neanderthal instruments'. These are not instruments, nor human made, but products of the most important cave bear scavengers of Europe, hyenas. Late Middle to Late Pleistocene (Mousterian to Gravettian) Ice Age spotted hyenas of Europe occupied mainly cave entrances as dens (communal/cub raising den types), but went deeper for scavenging into cave bear dens, or used in a few cases branches/diagonal shafts (i.e. prey storage den type). In most of those dens, about 20% of adult to 80% of bear cub remains have large carnivore damage. Hyenas left bones in repeating similar tooth mark and crush damage stages, demonstrating a butchering/bone cracking strategy. The femora of subadult cave bears are intermediate in damage patterns, compared to the adult ones, which were fully crushed to pieces. Hyenas produced round-oval puncture marks in cub femora only by the bone-crushing premolar teeth of both upper and lower jaw. The punctures/tooth impact marks are often present on both sides of the shaft of cave bear cub femora and are simply a result of non-breakage of the slightly calcified shaft compacta. All stages of femur puncturing to crushing are demonstrated herein, especially on a large cave bear population from a German cave bear den. Twit Text FOAVip Neanderthal bone flutes : simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens ????R Soc Open Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26064624 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26064624 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26064624 }}</ref> Neanderthal bone flutes : simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens #MMPMID26064624 Diedrich CG R Soc Open Sci 2015[Apr]; 2 (4 ): 140022 PMID26064624 show ga Punctured extinct cave bear femora were misidentified in southeastern Europe (Hungary/Slovenia) as 'Palaeolithic bone flutes' and the 'oldest Neanderthal instruments'. These are not instruments, nor human made, but products of the most important cave bear scavengers of Europe, hyenas. Late Middle to Late Pleistocene (Mousterian to Gravettian) Ice Age spotted hyenas of Europe occupied mainly cave entrances as dens (communal/cub raising den types), but went deeper for scavenging into cave bear dens, or used in a few cases branches/diagonal shafts (i.e. prey storage den type). In most of those dens, about 20% of adult to 80% of bear cub remains have large carnivore damage. Hyenas left bones in repeating similar tooth mark and crush damage stages, demonstrating a butchering/bone cracking strategy. The femora of subadult cave bears are intermediate in damage patterns, compared to the adult ones, which were fully crushed to pieces. Hyenas produced round-oval puncture marks in cub femora only by the bone-crushing premolar teeth of both upper and lower jaw. The punctures/tooth impact marks are often present on both sides of the shaft of cave bear cub femora and are simply a result of non-breakage of the slightly calcified shaft compacta. All stages of femur puncturing to crushing are demonstrated herein, especially on a large cave bear population from a German cave bear den. ä Neanderthal bone flutes : simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena sc(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing