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2015 ; 48
(8
): 1469-78
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Mechanobiology of the meniscus
#MMPMID25731738
McNulty AL
; Guilak F
J Biomech
2015[Jun]; 48
(8
): 1469-78
PMID25731738
show ga
The meniscus plays a critical biomechanical role in the knee, providing load
support, joint stability, and congruity. Importantly, growing evidence indicates
that the mechanobiologic response of meniscal cells plays a critical role in the
physiologic, pathologic, and repair responses of the meniscus. Here we review
experimental and theoretical studies that have begun to directly measure the
biomechanical effects of joint loading on the meniscus under physiologic and
pathologic conditions, showing that the menisci are exposed to high contact
stresses, resulting in a complex and nonuniform stress-strain environment within
the tissue. By combining microscale measurements of the mechanical properties of
meniscal cells and their pericellular and extracellular matrix regions,
theoretical and experimental models indicate that the cells in the meniscus are
exposed to a complex and inhomogeneous environment of stress, strain, fluid
pressure, fluid flow, and a variety of physicochemical factors. Studies across a
range of culture systems from isolated cells to tissues have revealed that the
biological response of meniscal cells is directly influenced by physical factors,
such as tension, compression, and hydrostatic pressure. In addition, these
studies have provided new insights into the mechanotransduction mechanisms by
which physical signals are converted into metabolic or pro/anti-inflammatory
responses. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro studies show that
mechanical factors play an important role in the health, degeneration, and
regeneration of the meniscus. A more thorough understanding of the
mechanobiologic responses of the meniscus will hopefully lead to therapeutic
approaches to prevent degeneration and enhance repair of the meniscus.
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