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IRGM governs the core autophagy machinery to conduct antimicrobial defense #MMPMID25891078
Chauhan S; Mandell MA; Deretic V
Mol Cell 2015[May]; 58 (3): 507-21 PMID25891078show ga
IRGM, encoded by a uniquely human gene conferring risk for inflammatory diseases, affects autophagy through a hitherto unknown mechanism. Here we show how IRGM controls autophagy. IRGM interacts with ULK1 and Beclin 1 and promotes their co-assembly thus governing the formation of autophagy initiation complexes. We further show that IRGM interacts with pattern recognition receptors including NOD2. IRGM, NOD2 and ATG16L1, all of which are Crohn?s disease risk factors, form a molecular complex to modulate autophagic responses to microbial products. NOD2 enhances K63-linked polyubiquitination of IRGM, which is required for interactions of IRGM with the core autophagy factors and for microbial clearance. Thus, IRGM plays a direct role in organizing the core autophagy machinery to endow it with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory functions.