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Extra-thymically induced T regulatory cell subsets: the optimal target for
antigen-specific immunotherapy
#MMPMID25716063
Verhagen J
; Wegner A
; Wraith DC
Immunology
2015[Jun]; 145
(2
): 171-81
PMID25716063
show ga
Antigen-specific immunotherapy aims to selectively restore tolerance to innocuous
antigens in cases of autoimmune or allergic disease, without the need for general
immune suppression. Although the principle of antigen-specific immunotherapy was
discovered more than a century ago, its clinical application to date is limited,
particularly in the control of autoimmunity. This has resulted mainly from a lack
of in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanism. More recently, the
differentiation of extra-thymically induced T regulatory (Treg) cell subsets has
been shown to be instrumental in peripheral tolerance induction. Two main types
of inducible Treg cells, interleukin-10-secreting or Foxp3(+) , have now been
described, each with distinct characteristics and methods of therapeutic
induction. It is crucial, therefore, to identify the suitability of either subset
in the control of specific immune disorders. This review explores their natural
function, the known mechanisms of therapeutic differentiation of either subset as
well as their in vivo functionality and discusses new developments that may aid
their use in antigen-specific immunotherapy, with a focus on autoimmune disease.
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