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10.3109/1547691X.2014.917748 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3109/1547691X.2014.917748 C4426990!4426990 !24932923     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=24932923 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Accelerator mass spectrometry detection of beryllium ions in the antigen processing and presentation pathway |pdf=|usr=}}{{24932923 }} gab.com Text Accelerator mass spectrometry detection of beryllium ions in the antigen processing and presentation pathway JO: J Immunotoxicol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24932923 #FOAvip Exposure to small amounts of beryllium (Be) can result in beryllium sensitization and progression to Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD). In CBD, beryllium is presented to Be-responsive T-cells by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC). This presentation drives T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, TNF?, and IFN?) production and leads to granuloma formation. The mechanism by which beryllium enters an APC and is processed to become part of the beryllium antigen complex has not yet been elucidated. Developing techniques for beryllium detection with enough sensitivity has presented a barrier to further investigation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is sensitive enough to quantify the amount of beryllium presented by APC to stimulate Be-responsive T-cells. To achieve this goal, APC - which may or may not stimulate Be-responsive T-cells - were cultured with Be-ferritin. Then, by utilizing AMS, the amount of beryllium processed for presentation was determined. Further, IFN? intracellular cytokine assays were performed to demonstrate that Be-ferritin (at levels used in the experiments) could stimulate Be-responsive T-cells when presented by an APC of the correct HLA type (HLA-DP0201). The results indicated that Be-responsive T-cells expressed IFN? only when APC with the correct HLA type were able to process Be for presentation. Utilizing AMS, it was determined that APC with HLA-DP0201 had membrane fractions containing 0.17-0.59?ng Be and APC with HLA-DP0401 had membrane fractions bearing 0.40-0.45?ng Be. However, HLA-DP0401 APC had 20-times more Be associated with the whole cells (57.68-61.12?ng) than HLA-DP0201 APC (0.90-3.49?ng). As these findings demonstrate, AMS detection of picogram levels of Be processed by APC is possible. Further, regardless of form, Be requires processing by APC to successfully stimulate Be-responsive T-cells to generate IFN?. Twit Text FOAVip Accelerator mass spectrometry detection of beryllium ions in the antigen processing and presentation pathway ????J Immunotoxicol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24932923 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24932923 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|24932923 }}</ref> Accelerator mass spectrometry detection of beryllium ions in the antigen processing and presentation pathway #MMPMID24932923 Tooker BC ; Brindley SM ; Chiarappa-Zucca ML ; Turteltaub KW ; Newman LS J Immunotoxicol 2015[Apr]; 12 (2 ): 181-7 PMID24932923 show ga Exposure to small amounts of beryllium (Be) can result in beryllium sensitization and progression to Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD). In CBD, beryllium is presented to Be-responsive T-cells by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC). This presentation drives T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, TNF?, and IFN?) production and leads to granuloma formation. The mechanism by which beryllium enters an APC and is processed to become part of the beryllium antigen complex has not yet been elucidated. Developing techniques for beryllium detection with enough sensitivity has presented a barrier to further investigation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is sensitive enough to quantify the amount of beryllium presented by APC to stimulate Be-responsive T-cells. To achieve this goal, APC - which may or may not stimulate Be-responsive T-cells - were cultured with Be-ferritin. Then, by utilizing AMS, the amount of beryllium processed for presentation was determined. Further, IFN? intracellular cytokine assays were performed to demonstrate that Be-ferritin (at levels used in the experiments) could stimulate Be-responsive T-cells when presented by an APC of the correct HLA type (HLA-DP0201). The results indicated that Be-responsive T-cells expressed IFN? only when APC with the correct HLA type were able to process Be for presentation. Utilizing AMS, it was determined that APC with HLA-DP0201 had membrane fractions containing 0.17-0.59?ng Be and APC with HLA-DP0401 had membrane fractions bearing 0.40-0.45?ng Be. However, HLA-DP0401 APC had 20-times more Be associated with the whole cells (57.68-61.12?ng) than HLA-DP0201 APC (0.90-3.49?ng). As these findings demonstrate, AMS detection of picogram levels of Be processed by APC is possible. Further, regardless of form, Be requires processing by APC to successfully stimulate Be-responsive T-cells to generate IFN?. |Antigen Presentation [MESH] |B-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*immunology [MESH] |Berylliosis/*diagnosis/immunology [MESH] |Beryllium/chemistry/*immunology [MESH] |Cell Line, Transformed [MESH] |Chronic Disease [MESH] |Cytokines/metabolism [MESH] |Ferritins/chemistry [MESH] |Granuloma/immunology [MESH] |HLA-DP beta-Chains/metabolism [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Inflammation Mediators/metabolism [MESH] |Ions [MESH] |Lymphocyte Activation [MESH] |Mass Spectrometry/*methods [MESH] |Sensitivity and Specificity [MESH]Accelerator mass spectrometry detection of beryllium ions in the antig(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing