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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 J+Thromb+Haemost 2015 ; 13 (5): 860-71 Nephropedia Template TP
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Inorganic polyphosphate elicits proinflammatory responses through activation of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 in vascular endothelial cells #MMPMID25776944
Hassanian SM; Dinarvand P; Smith SA; Rezaie AR
J Thromb Haemost 2015[May]; 13 (5): 860-71 PMID25776944show ga
Background: Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) elicits proinflammatory signaling responses in endothelial cells through interaction with two receptors, RAGE and P2Y1. It is known that polyP activates mTOR signaling in breast cancer cells. Objectives: The objective of this study is to understand the mechanism of polyP-mediated signaling pathway in endothelial cells and to determine whether polyP exerts its proinflammatory effect through activation of mTOR. Methods: mTOR activation by polyP or platelet releasates in cellular and animal models were monitored in the absence and presence of pharmacological inhibitors and/or siRNA knockdown of specific signaling molecules. Results: PolyP effectively induced phosphorylation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) substrate, p70S6K, in endothelial cells by an AKT-dependent but ERK-independent mechanism. The siRNA knockdown of both RAGE and P2Y1 or specific inhibitors of PI3K/PLC/PKC/Ca2+ signaling axis inhibited polyP-mediated p70S6K phosphorylation. Moreover, either rapamycin or siRNA knockdown of raptor (mTORC1-specific component) abrogated polyP-mediated phosphorylation of p70S6K. By contrast, the siRNA knockdown of rictor (mTOR complex 2-specific component) but not raptor eliminated barrier-disruptive effect of polyP. Specific NF-?B inhibitors abrogated polyP-mediated phosphorylation of p70S6K and rapamycin suppressed polyP-induced activation of NF-?B. Finally, specific inhibitors of mTOR signaling network eliminated polyP-mediated vascular leakage and leukocyte recruitment in animal models. Conclusions: PolyP, through interaction with RAGE and P2Y1, activates both mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling network. Both proinflammatory and mTOR signaling functions of polyP are linked.