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10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.009 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.009 C4424116!4424116 !25812763     free     free     free Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\25812763 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Virology 2015 ; 479-480 (ä): 234-46 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=25812763 |t=2015. Transmission of influenza A viruses |pdf=|usr=}}{{25812763 }} gab.com Text Transmission of influenza A viruses JO: Virology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25812763 #FOAvip Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to 'novel' viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages. Twit Text FOAVip Transmission of influenza A viruses ????Virology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25812763 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25812763 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|25812763 }}</ref> Transmission of influenza A viruses #MMPMID25812763 Neumann G ; Kawaoka Y Virology 2015[May]; 479-480 (ä): 234-46 PMID25812763 show ga Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to 'novel' viruses that possess a viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene to which humans lack immunity. After a pandemic, these novel viruses form stable virus lineages in humans and circulate until they are replaced by other novel viruses. The factors and mechanisms that facilitate virus transmission among hosts and the establishment of novel lineages are not completely understood, but the HA and basic polymerase 2 (PB2) proteins are thought to play essential roles in these processes by enabling avian influenza viruses to infect mammals and replicate efficiently in their new host. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the contributions of HA, PB2, and other viral components to virus transmission and the formation of new virus lineages. |*Host-Pathogen Interactions [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/*metabolism [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Influenza A virus/enzymology/*genetics/*growth & development [MESH] |Influenza, Human/*transmission/virology [MESH] |Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/veterinary/virology [MESH] |RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics/*metabolism [MESH] |Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism [MESH]Transmission of influenza A viruses (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing