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10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.022 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.022 C4416979!4416979!25555481     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Biol+Psychiatry 2015 ; 77 (10): 887-94 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=25555481|t=2015. The genetics of impulsivity: evidence for the heritability of delay discounting |pdf=|usr=}}{{25555481}} gab.com Text The genetics of impulsivity: evidence for the heritability of delay discounting JO: Biol Psychiatry http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25555481 #FOAvip Background: Delay discounting (DD), a decline in the subjective value of reward with increasing delay until its receipt, is an established behavioral model of impulsive choice, a key component of a broader impulsivity construct. Greater DD, i.e. a tendency to choose smaller-immediate over larger-delayed rewards, has been implicated as a potential intermediate phenotype (endophenotype) for addictive disorders and comorbid externalizing psychopathology, particularly in adolescence. However, genetic and environmental origins of DD remain unclear. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to assess heritability of DD, an important aspect of its utility as an endophenotype. Methods: A commonly used computerized procedure involving choice between varying amounts of money available immediately and a ?standard? amount of $100 presented at variable delays was administered to a population-based sample of twins aged 16 and 18 (n=560, including 134 MZ and 142 DZ pairs). DD was quantified using area under the discounting curve (AUC) and the k coefficient estimated by fitting a hyperbolic model to individual data. Heritability was assessed using linear structural equation modeling of twin data. Results: The genetic analysis revealed significant heritability of both DD measures (AUC: 46% and 62%; k: 35% and 55% at age 16 and 18, respectively). Conclusion: The present study provides evidence for heritability of both model-based and model-free DD measures and suggests that DD is a promising intermediate phenotype for genetic dissection of impulsivity and externalizing spectrum disorders. Twit Text FOAVip The genetics of impulsivity: evidence for the heritability of delay discounting ????Biol Psychiatry http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25555481 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25555481 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|25555481}}</ref> The genetics of impulsivity: evidence for the heritability of delay discounting #MMPMID25555481 Anokhin AP; Grant JD; Mulligan RC; Heath AC Biol Psychiatry 2015[May]; 77 (10): 887-94 PMID25555481show ga Background: Delay discounting (DD), a decline in the subjective value of reward with increasing delay until its receipt, is an established behavioral model of impulsive choice, a key component of a broader impulsivity construct. Greater DD, i.e. a tendency to choose smaller-immediate over larger-delayed rewards, has been implicated as a potential intermediate phenotype (endophenotype) for addictive disorders and comorbid externalizing psychopathology, particularly in adolescence. However, genetic and environmental origins of DD remain unclear. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to assess heritability of DD, an important aspect of its utility as an endophenotype. Methods: A commonly used computerized procedure involving choice between varying amounts of money available immediately and a ?standard? amount of $100 presented at variable delays was administered to a population-based sample of twins aged 16 and 18 (n=560, including 134 MZ and 142 DZ pairs). DD was quantified using area under the discounting curve (AUC) and the k coefficient estimated by fitting a hyperbolic model to individual data. Heritability was assessed using linear structural equation modeling of twin data. Results: The genetic analysis revealed significant heritability of both DD measures (AUC: 46% and 62%; k: 35% and 55% at age 16 and 18, respectively). Conclusion: The present study provides evidence for heritability of both model-based and model-free DD measures and suggests that DD is a promising intermediate phenotype for genetic dissection of impulsivity and externalizing spectrum disorders. äThe genetics of impulsivity: evidence for the heritability of delay di(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing