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2015 ; 6
(ä): 7033
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Genetic similarity between cancers and comorbid Mendelian diseases identifies
candidate driver genes
#MMPMID25926297
Melamed RD
; Emmett KJ
; Madubata C
; Rzhetsky A
; Rabadan R
Nat Commun
2015[Apr]; 6
(ä): 7033
PMID25926297
show ga
Despite large-scale cancer genomics studies, key somatic mutations driving
cancer, and their functional roles, remain elusive. Here, we propose that
analysis of comorbidities of Mendelian diseases with cancers provides a novel,
systematic way to discover new cancer genes. If germline genetic variation in
Mendelian loci predisposes bearers to common cancers, the same loci may harbour
cancer-associated somatic variation. Compilations of clinical records spanning
over 100 million patients provide an unprecedented opportunity to assess clinical
associations between Mendelian diseases and cancers. We systematically compare
these comorbidities against recurrent somatic mutations from more than 5,000
patients across many cancers. Using multiple measures of genetic similarity, we
show that a Mendelian disease and comorbid cancer indeed have genetic alterations
of significant functional similarity. This result provides a basis to identify
candidate drivers in cancers including melanoma and glioblastoma. Some Mendelian
diseases demonstrate 'pan-cancer' comorbidity and shared genetics across cancers.