Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014[Jul]; 2014 (7): 737-40 PMID24987138show ga
There are multiple sites used for engraftment of primary human cells and tissues. Leukemias as usually best engrafted intravenously in adult mice (tail vein) or in newborn mice (superficial temporal vein or in the heart ventricle) (Pearson et al. 2008). Leukemic cells have also been engrafted directly into the bone marrow cavity of adult mice. Some solid tumors such as colon tumors grow well following subcutaneous engraftment. Matrigel? is often used to provide artificial basement membrane. In certain studies, i.e. human bladder cancer, the autochthonous site is employed. Engraftment of a PDX bladder cancer was successful following injection of single cancer cells directly in the bladder wall of NSG mice (Lin et al. 2012). Human ductal breast carcinomas grow most efficiency when transplanted into the mammary ducts of female NSG mice (Valdez et al. 2011) while they fail to grow or grow only poorly when transplanted subcutaneously or under the renal capsule. Human prostrate tumor initiating cells isolated from primary prostate cancer grow well when implanted subcutaneously in a matrigel? matrix in male NSG mice supplemented with testosterone implants (Goldstein et al. 2010). In contrast, injection of serous ovarian cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity, kidney capsule, ovarian bursa or mammary fat pad resulted in growth and detection most rapidly and reliably in the mammary fat pad and peritoneal cavity (Bankert et al. 2011; Stewart et al. 2011). These data suggest that the ability to grow solid tumors is dependent on the site of implantation, and that simple subcutaneous implantation of tumors may lead to false negatives as to the ability these tumors to grow in NSG mice. These different outcomes depending on the tumor type and site of implantation may be due to vascularization issues, organ or tissue-specific microenvironmental factors, or species-specific factors that facilitate growth of specific human tumors. The kidney is especially suited for the transplantation of normal as well as malignant cells and tissues as it is easily accessible and transplanted tissues are well contained under the renal capsule in a highly vascularized site. The retroperitoneal location of the kidney with its separation from other organs is advantageous for imaging and biopsy. This protocol describes the surgical procedure for implantation of tissues under the kidney capsule.
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Cold+Spring+Harb+Protoc 2014 ; 2014 (7): 737-40
