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Integrator: surprisingly diverse functions in gene expression #MMPMID25882383
Baillat D; Wagner EJ
Trends Biochem Sci 2015[May]; 40 (5): 257-64 PMID25882383show ga
The discovery of the metazoan-specific Integrator Complex represented a breakthrough in our understanding of noncoding U-rich small nuclear RNA (UsnRNA) maturation and has triggered a reevaluation of their biosynthesis mechanism. In the decade since, significant progress has been made to understand the details of its recruitment, specificity, and assembly. While some discrepancies remain on how it interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and the details of its recruitment to UsnRNA genes, preliminary models have emerged. Recent provocative studies now implicate Integrator in the regulation of protein-coding gene transcription initiation and RNA Polymerase II pause-release thereby broadening the scope of Integrator functions in gene expression regulation. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings while putting them into the context of what is understood about Integrator function at UsnRNA genes.