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10.1371/journal.pone.0120546 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1371/journal.pone.0120546 C4398479!4398479!25874798     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       PLoS+One 2015 ; 10 (4): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=25874798|t=2015. Danger Comes from All Fronts: Predator-Dependent Escape Tactics of Túngara Frogs |pdf=|usr=}}{{25874798}} gab.com Text Danger Comes from All Fronts: Predator-Dependent Escape Tactics of Túngara Frogs JO: PLoS One http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25874798 #FOAvip The escape response of an organism is generally its last line of defense against a predator. Because the effectiveness of an escape varies with the approach behaviour of the predator, it should be advantageous for prey to alter their escape trajectories depending on the mode of predator attack. To test this hypothesis we examined the escape responses of a single prey species, the ground-dwelling túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus), to disparate predators approaching from different spatial planes: a terrestrial predator (snake) and an aerial predator (bat). Túngara frogs showed consistently distinct escape responses when attacked by terrestrial versus aerial predators. The frogs fled away from the snake models (Median: 131°). In stark contrast, the frogs moved toward the bat models (Median: 27°); effectively undercutting the bat?s flight path. Our results reveal that prey escape trajectories reflect the specificity of their predators? attacks. This study emphasizes the flexibility of strategies performed by prey to outcompete predators with diverse modes of attack. Twit Text FOAVip Danger Comes from All Fronts: Predator-Dependent Escape Tactics of Túngara Frogs ????PLoS One http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25874798 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25874798 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|25874798}}</ref> Danger Comes from All Fronts: Predator-Dependent Escape Tactics of Túngara Frogs #MMPMID25874798 Bulbert MW; Page RA; Bernal XE PLoS One 2015[]; 10 (4): ä PMID25874798show ga The escape response of an organism is generally its last line of defense against a predator. Because the effectiveness of an escape varies with the approach behaviour of the predator, it should be advantageous for prey to alter their escape trajectories depending on the mode of predator attack. To test this hypothesis we examined the escape responses of a single prey species, the ground-dwelling túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus), to disparate predators approaching from different spatial planes: a terrestrial predator (snake) and an aerial predator (bat). Túngara frogs showed consistently distinct escape responses when attacked by terrestrial versus aerial predators. The frogs fled away from the snake models (Median: 131°). In stark contrast, the frogs moved toward the bat models (Median: 27°); effectively undercutting the bat?s flight path. Our results reveal that prey escape trajectories reflect the specificity of their predators? attacks. This study emphasizes the flexibility of strategies performed by prey to outcompete predators with diverse modes of attack. äDanger Comes from All Fronts: Predator-Dependent Escape Tactics of Tún(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing