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2015 ; 112
(14
): 4233-8
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gab.com Text
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Engineering three-dimensional hybrid supercapacitors and microsupercapacitors for
high-performance integrated energy storage
#MMPMID25831542
El-Kady MF
; Ihns M
; Li M
; Hwang JY
; Mousavi MF
; Chaney L
; Lech AT
; Kaner RB
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015[Apr]; 112
(14
): 4233-8
PMID25831542
show ga
Supercapacitors now play an important role in the progress of hybrid and electric
vehicles, consumer electronics, and military and space applications. There is a
growing demand in developing hybrid supercapacitor systems to overcome the energy
density limitations of the current generation of carbon-based supercapacitors.
Here, we demonstrate 3D high-performance hybrid supercapacitors and
microsupercapacitors based on graphene and MnO2 by rationally designing the
electrode microstructure and combining active materials with electrolytes that
operate at high voltages. This results in hybrid electrodes with ultrahigh
volumetric capacitance of over 1,100 F/cm(3). This corresponds to a specific
capacitance of the constituent MnO2 of 1,145 F/g, which is close to the
theoretical value of 1,380 F/g. The energy density of the full device varies
between 22 and 42 Wh/l depending on the device configuration, which is superior
to those of commercially available double-layer supercapacitors,
pseudocapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors tested under
the same conditions and is comparable to that of lead acid batteries. These
hybrid supercapacitors use aqueous electrolytes and are assembled in air without
the need for expensive "dry rooms" required for building today's supercapacitors.
Furthermore, we demonstrate a simple technique for the fabrication of
supercapacitor arrays for high-voltage applications. These arrays can be
integrated with solar cells for efficient energy harvesting and storage systems.