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10.1002/sim.6447 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1002/sim.6447 C4393769!4393769!25641057     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 280.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Stat+Med 2015 ; 34 (11): 1834-40 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=25641057|t=2015. The Impact of Covariate Adjustment at Randomization and Analysis For Binary Outcomes: Understanding Differences Between Superiority and Non-Inferiority Trials |pdf=|usr=}}{{25641057}} gab.com Text The Impact of Covariate Adjustment at Randomization and Analysis For Binary Outcomes: Understanding Differences Between Superiority and Non-Inferiority Trials JO: Stat Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25641057 #FOAvip The question of when to adjust for important prognostic covariates often arises in the design of clinical trials, and there remain various opinions on whether to adjust during both randomization and analysis, at randomization alone, or at analysis alone. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of covariate adjustment in the context of non-inferiority (NI) designs. The current simulation-based research explores this issue in the NI setting, as compared to the typical superiority setting, by assessing the differential impact on power, type I error, and bias in the treatment estimate as well as its standard error, in the context of logistic regression under both simple and covariate adjusted permuted block randomization algorithms.In both the superiority and NI settings, failure to adjust for covariates that influence outcome in the analysis phase, regardless of prior adjustment at randomization, results in treatment estimates that are biased toward zero, with standard errors that are deflated. However, as no treatment difference is approached under the null hypothesis in superiority and under the alternative in NI, this results in decreased power and nominal or conservative (deflated) type I error in the context of superiority, but inflated power and type I error under NI. Results from the simulation study suggest that, regardless of the use of the covariate in randomization, it is appropriate to adjust for important prognostic covariates in analysis, as this yields nearly unbiased estimates of treatment as well as nominal type I error. Twit Text FOAVip The Impact of Covariate Adjustment at Randomization and Analysis For Binary Outcomes: Understanding Differences Between Superiority and Non-Inferiority Trials ????Stat Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25641057 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25641057 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|25641057}}</ref> The Impact of Covariate Adjustment at Randomization and Analysis For Binary Outcomes: Understanding Differences Between Superiority and Non-Inferiority Trials #MMPMID25641057 Nicholas K; Yeatts SD; Zhao W; Ciolino J; Borg K; Durkalski V Stat Med 2015[May]; 34 (11): 1834-40 PMID25641057show ga The question of when to adjust for important prognostic covariates often arises in the design of clinical trials, and there remain various opinions on whether to adjust during both randomization and analysis, at randomization alone, or at analysis alone. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of covariate adjustment in the context of non-inferiority (NI) designs. The current simulation-based research explores this issue in the NI setting, as compared to the typical superiority setting, by assessing the differential impact on power, type I error, and bias in the treatment estimate as well as its standard error, in the context of logistic regression under both simple and covariate adjusted permuted block randomization algorithms.In both the superiority and NI settings, failure to adjust for covariates that influence outcome in the analysis phase, regardless of prior adjustment at randomization, results in treatment estimates that are biased toward zero, with standard errors that are deflated. However, as no treatment difference is approached under the null hypothesis in superiority and under the alternative in NI, this results in decreased power and nominal or conservative (deflated) type I error in the context of superiority, but inflated power and type I error under NI. Results from the simulation study suggest that, regardless of the use of the covariate in randomization, it is appropriate to adjust for important prognostic covariates in analysis, as this yields nearly unbiased estimates of treatment as well as nominal type I error. äThe Impact of Covariate Adjustment at Randomization and Analysis For B(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing