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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Invest+Radiol 2014 ; 49 (10): 666-74 Nephropedia Template TP
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Quantitative High Resolution Renal Perfusion Imaging using 3D Through-time Radial GRAPPA #MMPMID24879298
Invest Radiol 2014[Oct]; 49 (10): 666-74 PMID24879298show ga
Objectives: Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI exams of the kidneys provide quantitative information on renal perfusion and filtration. However, these exams are often difficult to implement because of respiratory motion and their need for a high spatiotemporal resolution and 3D coverage. Here, we present a free-breathing quantitative renal DCE MRI exam acquired with a highly accelerated stack-of-stars trajectory and reconstructed with 3D through-time radial GRAPPA, utilizing half and quarter doses of gadolinium contrast. Materials and Methods: Data were acquired in ten asymptomatic volunteers using a stack-of-stars trajectory that was under sampled in-plane by a factor of 12.6 with respect to Nyquist sampling criterion and using partial Fourier of 6/8 in the partition direction. Data had a high temporal (2.1-2.9 s/frame) and spatial (approximately 2.2 mm3) resolution with full 3D coverage of both kidneys (350-370 mm2 × 79-92 mm). Images were successfully reconstructed with 3D through-time radial GRAPPA, and inter-frame respiratory motion was compensated by using an algorithm developed to automatically utilize images from multiple points of enhancement as references for registration. Quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a separable dual compartment model. Results: ROI pharmacokinetic analysis provided estimates (mean±std.dev.) of renal perfusion after half-dose: 218.1ml/min/100ml±57.1, plasma mean transit time: 4.8s±2.2, renal filtration: 28.7ml/min/100ml±10.0, and tubular mean transit time: 131.1s±60.2in 10 kidneys. ROI pharmacokinetic analysis provided estimates (mean±std.dev.) of renal perfusion after quarter-dose: 218.1ml/min/100ml±57.1, plasma mean transit time: 4.8s±2.2, renal filtration: 28.7ml/min/100ml±10.0, and tubular mean transit time: 131.1s±60.2 in 10 kidneys. 3D pixel wise parameter maps were also evaluated. Conclusion: Highly under sampled data were successfully reconstructed with 3D through-time radial GRAPPA to achieve a high resolution 3D renal DCE MRI exam. The acquisition was completely free-breathing, and the images were registered to compensate for respiratory motion. This allowed for accurate high resolution 3D quantitative renal functional mapping of perfusion and filtration parameters.