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2014 ; 7 Spec No. 3
(Spec Iss 3
): 81-6
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Outcome of patients in acute poisoning with ethylene glycol--factors which may
have influence on evolution
#MMPMID25870701
Tanasescu A
; Macovei RA
; Tudosie MS
J Med Life
2014[]; 7 Spec No. 3
(Spec Iss 3
): 81-6
PMID25870701
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Intoxication with ethylene glycol occurs as a result of intentional
ingestion in suicide attempts or accidentally. Clinical ethylene glycol poisoning
is not specific and occurs in many poisoning cases therefore the diagnosis is
difficult. Early diagnostic and establishment of therapy are very important for a
favorable evolution. The mortality rate of ethylene glycol intoxication ranges
between 1 and 22% depending on the amount of alcohol ingestion and the time
period between alcohol ingestion and initiation of therapy. METHODS:
Retrospectively analyzed data from 18 patients admitted with ethylene glycol
poisoning in the emergency department between 2011 and 2012. The following were
taken into consideration: incidence of intoxication in the group study, medical
history, the amount ingested and the time since the ingestion of ethylene glycol
and the admission to hospital, presence of metabolic acidosis and laboratory test
results on admission (urea, creatinine osmolar or anion gaps), the treatment
initiated and the outcome of the patient. RESULTS: 18 patients with ethylene
glycol intoxication were admitted to hospital between 2011 and 2012. The initial
diagnosis based on a detailed clinical history in combination with the presence
of metabolic acidosis with elevation of the osmolar or anion gaps. 12 of the 18
patients were man (66%) and age range interval was between 23 and 77 years. The
time from the ingestion of ethylene glycol and the admission to hospital was
between 30 minutes and older than 24 hours. 14 patients have been presented
earlier to the hospital, between 30 minutes and 12 hours (in the first part of
the clinical stage) and 13 of the 14 patients had a favorable evolution. One of
these patients had an unfavorable evolution. Regarding this patient, the amount
ingested was unknown. 10 of the 18 patients had a voluntary ingestion (55,55%)
and 6 of the 18 patients had an alcoholism medical history. The amount ingested
by the patients was between 20 ml and 500 ml. Metabolic acidosis was present up
to 55,55% (10 of the 18 patients) in the blood gas analysis on admission, with pH
on admission between 6.9 and 7.27, with anion gap ranging between 16.3 mmol/l and
32.6 mmol/l (normal range 8-16 mmol/l). Ten patients also had an increased level
of urea and creatinine with a level between 1.24 to 6.85 mg/dl for creatinine
(normal range 0.5-1.2 mg/dl) and 49 to 98 mg/dl for urea (normal range 15-43
mg/dl) and developed acute kidney injury that required regular HD sessions.
Mechanical ventilation was required for 7 of the 18 patients (38.88%). Five
patients died (27.77%). Although metabolic acidosis was corrected under
hemodialysis, there were patients who had multiple organ failure and systems:
acute respiratory failure requiring ventilator support, acute renal failure
requiring dialysis daily sessions, altered state of consciousness. CONCLUSIONS:
The early diagnostic and exclusion of the other diseases and other poisoning led
to a specific treatment of the intoxication. The time from the ingestion of
ethylene glycol and the early establishment of therapy is very important for a
favorable evolution and can prevent substantial mortality.