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2015 ; 6
(2
): 173-89
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Small RNAs with big implications: new insights into H/ACA snoRNA function and
their role in human disease
#MMPMID25363811
McMahon M
; Contreras A
; Ruggero D
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA
2015[Mar]; 6
(2
): 173-89
PMID25363811
show ga
A myriad of structurally and functionally diverse noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have
recently been implicated in numerous human diseases including cancer. Small
nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), the most abundant group of intron-encoded ncRNAs, are
classified into two families (box C/D snoRNAs and box H/ACA snoRNAs) and are
required for post-transcriptional modifications on ribosomal RNA (rRNA). There is
now a growing appreciation that nucleotide modifications on rRNA may impart
regulatory potential to the ribosome; however, the functional consequence of
site-specific snoRNA-guided modifications remains poorly defined. Discovered
almost 20 years ago, H/ACA snoRNAs are required for the conversion of specific
uridine residues to pseudouridine on rRNA. Interestingly, recent reports indicate
that the levels of subsets of H/ACA snoRNAs required for pseudouridine
modifications at specific sites on rRNA are altered in several diseases,
particularly cancer. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding
the downstream consequences of H/ACA snoRNA-guided modifications on ribosome
function, discuss the possible mechanism by which H/ACA snoRNAs may be regulated,
and explore prospective expanding functions of H/ACA snoRNAs. Furthermore, we
discuss the potential biological implications of alterations in H/ACA snoRNA
expression in several human diseases.