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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 J+Bone+Miner+Res 2015 ; 30 (6): 970-5 Nephropedia Template TP
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Hyponatremia and Fractures: Findings from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study #MMPMID25294595
Jamal SA; Arampatzis S; Harrison SL; Bucur RC; Ensrud K; Orwoll ES; Bauer DC
J Bone Miner Res 2015[Jun]; 30 (6): 970-5 PMID25294595show ga
Hyponatremia may be a risk factor for fracture. To determine the relationship between hyponatremia and fracture we conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses using data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). The MrOS study enrolled 5122 community dwelling men aged ? 65 years from six centers across the United States. We excluded men taking bisphosphonates, those with unknown medication history, those without serum sodium measures, or those with out of range assays for serum sodium. Serum sodium was measured at study entry. Subjects were followed for fractures (nonspine (including hip), hip, and incident and prevalent morphometric) for up to 9 years. We used cox proportional hazards models to analyze the association between serum sodium levels (<135mmol/L versus ?135mmol/L) and risk of nonspine and hip fractures, with results presented as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We examined the association between morphometric vertebral fractures and serum sodium using logistic regression models, presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. Hyponatremia was observed in 64 men (1.2% of the cohort). After adjusting for age, BMI, study center, and other covariates, we found that, compared to men with serum sodium ? 135mmol/L, those with serum sodium <135mmol/L, had an increased risk hip fracture (HR=3.04; 95% CI: 1.37 to 6.75), prevalent (OR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.22 to 4.95) and incident (OR=3.53; 95% CI: 1.35 to 9.19) morphometric spine fractures but not nonspine fractures (OR=1.44; 95% CI: 0.85 to 2.44). Adjusting for bone mineral density did not change our findings. Our data demonstrate that hyponatremia is associated with up to a doubling in the risk of hip and morphometric spine fractures, independent of BMD. Further studies, to determine how hyponatremia causes fractures and if correction of hyponatremia decreases fractures, are needed.