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2015 ; 10
(4
): e0123046
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TGF-?1-mediated differentiation of fibroblasts is associated with increased
mitochondrial content and cellular respiration
#MMPMID25849590
Negmadjanov U
; Godic Z
; Rizvi F
; Emelyanova L
; Ross G
; Richards J
; Holmuhamedov EL
; Jahangir A
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(4
): e0123046
PMID25849590
show ga
OBJECTIVS: Cytokine-dependent activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, a key
event in fibrosis, is accompanied by phenotypic changes with increased secretory
and contractile properties dependent on increased energy utilization, yet changes
in the energetic profile of these cells are not fully described. We hypothesize
that the TGF-?1-mediated transformation of myofibroblasts is associated with an
increase in mitochondrial content and function when compared to naive
fibroblasts. METHODS: Cultured NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts treated with TGF-?1, a
profibrotic cytokine, or vehicle were assessed for transformation to
myofibroblasts (appearance of ?-smooth muscle actin [?-SMA] stress fibers) and
associated changes in mitochondrial content and functions using laser confocal
microscopy, Seahorse respirometry, multi-well plate reader and biochemical
protocols. Expression of mitochondrial-specific proteins was determined using
western blotting, and the mitochondrial DNA quantified using Mitochondrial DNA
isolation kit. RESULTS: Treatment with TGF-?1 (5 ng/mL) induced transformation of
naive fibroblasts into myofibroblasts with a threefold increase in the expression
of ?-SMA (6.85 ± 0.27 RU) compared to cells not treated with TGF-?1 (2.52 ± 0.11
RU). TGF-?1 exposure increased the number of mitochondria in the cells, as
monitored by membrane potential sensitive dye tetramethylrhodamine, and
expression of mitochondria-specific proteins; voltage-dependent anion channels
(0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.23 ± 0.05 RU) and adenine nucleotide transporter (0.61 ± 0.11
vs. 0.22 ± 0.05 RU), as well as mitochondrial DNA content (530 ± 12 ?g DNA/106
cells vs. 307 ± 9 ?g DNA/106 cells in control). TGF-?1 treatment was associated
with an increase in mitochondrial function with a twofold increase in baseline
oxygen consumption rate (2.25 ± 0.03 vs. 1.13 ± 0.1 nmol O2/min/106 cells) and
FCCP-induced mitochondrial respiration (2.87 ± 0.03 vs. 1.46 ± 0.15 nmol
O2/min/106 cells). CONCLUSIONS: TGF-?1 induced differentiation of fibroblasts is
accompanied by energetic remodeling of myofibroblasts with an increase in
mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content.