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2014 ; 27
(ä): 16-25
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New insights into cancer immunoediting and its three component
phases--elimination, equilibrium and escape
#MMPMID24531241
Mittal D
; Gubin MM
; Schreiber RD
; Smyth MJ
Curr Opin Immunol
2014[Apr]; 27
(ä): 16-25
PMID24531241
show ga
The principles of cancer immunoediting have set the foundations for understanding
the dual host-protective and tumour sculpting actions of immunity on cancer and
establishing the basis for novel individualized cancer immunotherapies. During
cancer immunoediting, the host immune system shapes tumour fate in three phases
through the activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. In the first
phase, Elimination, transformed cells are destroyed by a competent immune system.
Sporadic tumour cells that manage to survive immune destruction may then enter an
Equilibrium phase where editing occurs. The Escape phase represents the third and
final phase of the process, where immunologically sculpted tumours begin to grow
progressively, become clinically apparent and establish an immunosuppressive
tumour microenvironment. This review focuses on important recent developments
that have enhanced our understanding of each phase of the cancer immunoediting
process, summarizes the discovery of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers and
discusses development of novel and objectively effective cancer immunotherapies.