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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Vascular Tone by PPAR? #MMPMID25587903
Ketsawatsomkron P; Sigmund CD
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2015[Mar]; 24 (2): 123-30 PMID25587903show ga
Purpose of review: This review summarizes recent findings on the regulation of vascular tone by the nuclear receptor transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ?. Much of the recent work utilize genetic tools to interrogate the significance of PPAR? in endothelial and smooth muscle cells and novel PPAR? target genes have been identified. Recent findings: Endothelial PPAR? prevents inflammation and oxidative stress, while promoting vasodilation by controlling the regulation of NADPH oxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase gene expression. Moreover, the protective functions of endothelial PPAR? appear more prominent during disease conditions. Novel findings also suggest a role for endothelial PPAR? as a mediator of whole body metabolism. In smooth muscle cells, PPAR? regulates vascular tone by targeting genes involved with contraction and relaxation signaling cascades, some of which via transcriptional activation, and some through novel mechanisms regulating protein turnover. Furthermore, aberrant changes in renin-angiotensin system components and exacerbated responses to angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction are observed when PPAR? function is lost in smooth muscle cells. Summary: With these recent advances based partially on lessons from patients with PPAR? mutants, we conclude that vascular PPAR? is protective and plays an important role in regulation of vascular tone.
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Curr+Opin+Nephrol+Hypertens 2015 ; 24 (2): 123-30
