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2015 ; 6
(ä): 340
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Good fences make for good neighbors but bad science: a review of what improves
Bayesian reasoning and why
#MMPMID25873904
Brase GL
; Hill WT
Front Psychol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 340
PMID25873904
show ga
Bayesian reasoning, defined here as the updating of a posterior probability
following new information, has historically been problematic for humans. Classic
psychology experiments have tested human Bayesian reasoning through the use of
word problems and have evaluated each participant's performance against the
normatively correct answer provided by Bayes' theorem. The standard finding is of
generally poor performance. Over the past two decades, though, progress has been
made on how to improve Bayesian reasoning. Most notably, research has
demonstrated that the use of frequencies in a natural sampling framework-as
opposed to single-event probabilities-can improve participants' Bayesian
estimates. Furthermore, pictorial aids and certain individual difference factors
also can play significant roles in Bayesian reasoning success. The mechanics of
how to build tasks which show these improvements is not under much debate. The
explanations for why naturally sampled frequencies and pictures help Bayesian
reasoning remain hotly contested, however, with many researchers falling into
ingrained "camps" organized around two dominant theoretical perspectives. The
present paper evaluates the merits of these theoretical perspectives, including
the weight of empirical evidence, theoretical coherence, and predictive power. By
these criteria, the ecological rationality approach is clearly better than the
heuristics and biases view. Progress in the study of Bayesian reasoning will
depend on continued research that honestly, vigorously, and consistently engages
across these different theoretical accounts rather than staying "siloed" within
one particular perspective. The process of science requires an understanding of
competing points of view, with the ultimate goal being integration.