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Conjugated Bile Acid Activated S1P Receptor 2 Is a Key Regulator of Sphingosine Kinase 2 and Hepatic Gene Expression #MMPMID25363242
Nagahashi M; Takabe K; Liu R; Peng K; Wang X; Wang Y; Hait NC; Wang X; Allegood JC; Yamada A; Aoyagi T; Liang J; Pandak WM; Spiegel S; Hylemon PB; Zhou H
Hepatology 2015[Apr]; 61 (4): 1216-26 PMID25363242show ga
Bile acids have been shown to be important hormones during the feed/fast cycle, allowing the liver to coordinately regulate nutrient metabolism. How they accomplish this has not been fully elucidated. Conjugated bile acids have been shown to activate both the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways via S1PR2 in rodent hepatocytes and in vivo. Here, we report that feeding mice a high fat diet, infusion of taurocholate into the chronic bile fistula rat, or overexpression of the gene encoding S1PR2 in mouse hepatocytes significantly up-regulated hepatic SphK2, but not SphK1. Key genes encoding nuclear receptors/enzymes involved in nutrient metabolism were significantly down-regulated in livers of S1PR2?/? and SphK2?/? mice. In contrast, overexpression of the gene encoding S1PR2 in primary mouse hepatocytes differentially increased SphK2, but not SphK1, and mRNA levels of key genes involved in nutrient metabolism. Nuclear levels of S1P, an endogenous inhibitor of HDAC 1/2, as well as the acetylation of H3K9, H4K5 and H2BK12, were significantly decreased in hepatocytes prepared from S1PR2?/? and SphK2?/? mice. Both S1PR2?/? and SphK2?/? mice rapidly developed fatty livers on a high fat diet suggesting the importance of conjugated bile acids, S1PR2 and SphK2 in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.