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2014 ; 35
(11
): 2191-203
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A random forest classifier for the prediction of energy expenditure and type of
physical activity from wrist and hip accelerometers
#MMPMID25340969
Ellis K
; Kerr J
; Godbole S
; Lanckriet G
; Wing D
; Marshall S
Physiol Meas
2014[Nov]; 35
(11
): 2191-203
PMID25340969
show ga
Wrist accelerometers are being used in population level surveillance of physical
activity (PA) but more research is needed to evaluate their validity for
correctly classifying types of PA behavior and predicting energy expenditure
(EE). In this study we compare accelerometers worn on the wrist and hip, and the
added value of heart rate (HR) data, for predicting PA type and EE using machine
learning. Forty adults performed locomotion and household activities in a lab
setting while wearing three ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (left hip, right hip,
non-dominant wrist) and a HR monitor (Polar RS400). Participants also wore a
portable indirect calorimeter (COSMED K4b2), from which EE and metabolic
equivalents (METs) were computed for each minute. We developed two predictive
models: a random forest classifier to predict activity type and a random forest
of regression trees to estimate METs. Predictions were evaluated using
leave-one-user-out cross-validation. The hip accelerometer obtained an average
accuracy of 92.3% in predicting four activity types (household, stairs, walking,
running), while the wrist accelerometer obtained an average accuracy of 87.5%.
Across all 8 activities combined (laundry, window washing, dusting, dishes,
sweeping, stairs, walking, running), the hip and wrist accelerometers obtained
average accuracies of 70.2% and 80.2% respectively. Predicting METs using the hip
or wrist devices alone obtained root mean square errors (rMSE) of 1.09 and 1.00
METs per 6?min bout, respectively. Including HR data improved MET estimation, but
did not significantly improve activity type classification. These results
demonstrate the validity of random forest classification and regression forests
for PA type and MET prediction using accelerometers. The wrist accelerometer
proved more useful in predicting activities with significant arm movement, while
the hip accelerometer was superior for predicting locomotion and estimating EE.