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2015 ; 172
(6
): 1587-606
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The role of gasotransmitters NO, H2S and CO in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion
injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning and remote
conditioning
#MMPMID24923364
Andreadou I
; Iliodromitis EK
; Rassaf T
; Schulz R
; Papapetropoulos A
; Ferdinandy P
Br J Pharmacol
2015[Mar]; 172
(6
): 1587-606
PMID24923364
show ga
Ischaemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. The development of cardioprotective therapeutic agents remains a
partly unmet need and a challenge for both medicine and industry, with
significant financial and social implications. Protection of the myocardium can
be achieved by mechanical vascular occlusions such as preconditioning (PC), when
brief episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) are experienced prior to ischaemia;
postconditioning (PostC), when the brief episodes are experienced at the
immediate onset of reperfusion; and remote conditioning (RC), when the brief
episodes are experienced in another vascular territory. The elucidation of the
signalling pathways, which underlie the protective effects of PC, PostC and RC,
would be expected to reveal novel molecular targets for cardioprotection that
could be modulated by pharmacological agents to prevent reperfusion injury.
Gasotransmitters including NO, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO)
are a growing family of regulatory molecules that affect physiological and
pathological functions. NO, H2S and CO share several common properties; they are
beneficial at low concentrations but hazardous in higher amounts; they relax
smooth muscle cells, inhibit apoptosis and exert anti-inflammatory effects. In
the cardiovascular system, NO, H2S and CO induce vasorelaxation and promote
cardioprotection. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge on the
role of the gasotransmitters NO, H2S and CO in myocardial I/R injury and
cardioprotection provided by conditioning strategies and highlight future
perspectives in cardioprotection by NO, H2S, CO, as well as their donor
molecules.