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Polaron pair mediated triplet generation in polymer/fullerene blends #MMPMID25735188
Dimitrov SD; Wheeler S; Niedzialek D; Schroeder BC; Utzat H; Frost JM; Yao J; Gillett A; Tuladhar PS; McCulloch I; Nelson J; Durrant JR
Nat Commun ä[]; 6 (ä): ä PMID25735188show ga
Electron spin is a key consideration for the function of organic semiconductors in light-emitting diodes and solar cells, as well as spintronic applications relying on organic magnetoresistance. A mechanism for triplet excited state generation in such systems is by recombination of electron-hole pairs. However, the exact charge recombination mechanism, whether geminate or nongeminate and whether it involves spin-state mixing is not well understood. In this work, the dynamics of free charge separation competing with recombination to polymer triplet states is studied in two closely related polymer-fullerene blends with differing polymer fluorination and photovoltaic performance. Using time-resolved laser spectroscopic techniques and quantum chemical calculations, we show that lower charge separation in the fluorinated system is associated with the formation of bound electron-hole pairs, which undergo spin-state mixing on the nanosecond timescale and subsequent geminate recombination to triplet excitons. We find that these bound electron-hole pairs can be dissociated by electric fields.