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2015 ; 30
(11
): 1847-63
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Examining the associations between sex trade involvement, rape, and
symptomatology of sexual abuse trauma
#MMPMID25210029
Lutnick A
; Harris J
; Lorvick J
; Cheng H
; Wenger LD
; Bourgois P
; Kral AH
J Interpers Violence
2015[Jul]; 30
(11
): 1847-63
PMID25210029
show ga
The high prevalence of rape and sexual trauma symptomatology among women involved
in street-based sex trades is well-established. Because prior research has lacked
appropriate, non-sex trade involved comparison groups, it is unknown whether
differences exist among similarly situated women who do and do not trade sex.
This article explores experiences of childhood and adult rape and symptomatology
of sexual abuse trauma among a community-based sample of 322 women who use
methamphetamine in San Francisco, California, 61% of whom were involved in the
sex trade. Study participants were recruited via respondent-driven sampling and
eligible if they were cisgender women, aged 18 or older, current methamphetamine
users, and sexually active with at least one cisgender man in the past 6 months.
The dependent variable was sexual abuse trauma symptomatology, as measured by the
Sexual Abuse Trauma Index (SATI) subscale of the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40
(TSC-40), and the explanatory variable was sex trade involvement. Potential
covariates were age, current homelessness, methamphetamine dependence, and
experiences of childhood and adult rape. Sixty-one percent of participants had a
SATI subscale score suggestive of sexual abuse trauma. The overall prevalence of
rape in childhood and adulthood was 52% and 73%, respectively. In bivariate
analysis, sex trade involvement and all of the potential covariates except for
homelessness and age were associated with a SATI score suggestive of sexual abuse
trauma. In multivariate models controlling for significant covariates, there was
no longer a statistically significant association between sex trade involvement
or childhood rape and an elevated SATI score. Elevated levels of psychological
dependence on methamphetamine and experiences of rape as an adult were still
associated with a high SATI score. These findings highlight that urban poor
women, regardless of sex trade involvement, suffer high levels of rape and
related trauma symptomatology.
|Adolescent
[MESH]
|Adult
[MESH]
|Child
[MESH]
|Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Methamphetamine/adverse effects
[MESH]
|Middle Aged
[MESH]
|Rape/*psychology/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Sex Offenses/*psychology/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]
|Sex Work/*psychology/statistics & numerical data
[MESH]