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2015 ; 427
(7
): 1537-48
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A first line of stress defense: small heat shock proteins and their function in
protein homeostasis
#MMPMID25681016
Haslbeck M
; Vierling E
J Mol Biol
2015[Apr]; 427
(7
): 1537-48
PMID25681016
show ga
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are virtually ubiquitous molecular chaperones
that can prevent the irreversible aggregation of denaturing proteins. sHsps
complex with a variety of non-native proteins in an ATP-independent manner and,
in the context of the stress response, form a first line of defense against
protein aggregation in order to maintain protein homeostasis. In vertebrates,
they act to maintain the clarity of the eye lens, and in humans, sHsp mutations
are linked to myopathies and neuropathies. Although found in all domains of life,
sHsps are quite diverse and have evolved independently in metazoans, plants and
fungi. sHsp monomers range in size from approximately 12 to 42kDa and are defined
by a conserved ?-sandwich ?-crystallin domain, flanked by variable N- and
C-terminal sequences. Most sHsps form large oligomeric ensembles with a broad
distribution of different, sphere- or barrel-like oligomers, with the size and
structure of the oligomers dictated by features of the N- and C-termini. The
activity of sHsps is regulated by mechanisms that change the equilibrium
distribution in tertiary features and/or quaternary structure of the sHsp
ensembles. Cooperation and/or co-assembly between different sHsps in the same
cellular compartment add an underexplored level of complexity to sHsp structure
and function.