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2015 ; 4
(3
): 152-173
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Proteoglycans in Normal and Healing Skin
#MMPMID25785238
Smith MM
; Melrose J
Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)
2015[Mar]; 4
(3
): 152-173
PMID25785238
show ga
Significance: Proteoglycans have a distinct spatial localization in normal skin
and are essential for the correct structural development, organization,
hydration, and functional properties of this tissue. The extracellular matrix
(ECM) is no longer considered to be just an inert supportive material but is a
source of directive, spatial and temporal, contextual information to the cells
via components such as the proteoglycans. There is a pressing need to improve our
understanding of how these important molecules functionally interact with other
matrix structures, cells and cellular mediators in normal skin and during wound
healing. Recent Advances: New antibodies to glycosaminoglycan side chain
components of skin proteoglycans have facilitated the elucidation of detailed
localization patterns within skin. Other studies have revealed important
proliferative activities of proteinase-generated fragments of proteoglycans and
other ECM components (matricryptins). Knockout mice have further established the
functional importance of skin proteoglycans in the assembly and homeostasis of
the normal skin ECM. Critical Issues: Our comprehension of the molecular and
structural complexity of skin as a complex, dynamic, constantly renewing, layered
connective tissue is incomplete. The impact of changes in proteoglycans on skin
pathology and the wound healing process is recognized as an important area of
pathobiology and is an area of intense investigation. Future Directions: Advanced
technology is allowing the development of new artificial skins. Recent knowledge
on skin proteoglycans can be used to incorporate these molecules into useful
adjunct therapies for wound healing and for maintenance of optimal tissue
homeostasis in aging skin.