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Adaptations to a subterranean environment and longevity revealed by the analysis
of mole rat genomes
#MMPMID25176646
Fang X
; Seim I
; Huang Z
; Gerashchenko MV
; Xiong Z
; Turanov AA
; Zhu Y
; Lobanov AV
; Fan D
; Yim SH
; Yao X
; Ma S
; Yang L
; Lee SG
; Kim EB
; Bronson RT
; ?umbera R
; Buffenstein R
; Zhou X
; Krogh A
; Park TJ
; Zhang G
; Wang J
; Gladyshev VN
Cell Rep
2014[Sep]; 8
(5
): 1354-64
PMID25176646
show ga
Subterranean mammals spend their lives in dark, unventilated environments that
are rich in carbon dioxide and ammonia and low in oxygen. Many of these animals
are also long-lived and exhibit reduced aging-associated diseases, such as
neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. We sequenced the genome of the Damaraland
mole rat (DMR, Fukomys damarensis) and improved the genome assembly of the naked
mole rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber). Comparative genome analyses, along with
the transcriptomes of related subterranean rodents, revealed candidate molecular
adaptations for subterranean life and longevity, including a divergent insulin
peptide, expression of oxygen-carrying globins in the brain, prevention of high
CO2-induced pain perception, and enhanced ammonia detoxification. Juxtaposition
of the genomes of DMR and other more conventional animals with the genome of NMR
revealed several truly exceptional NMR features: unusual thermogenesis, an
aberrant melatonin system, pain insensitivity, and unique processing of 28S rRNA.
Together, these genomes and transcriptomes extend our understanding of
subterranean adaptations, stress resistance, and longevity.
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