Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=25359236
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 249.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 249.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 249.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\25359236
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Child+Psychol+Psychiatry
2015 ; 56
(3
): 207-22
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Annual research review: Attachment disorders in early childhood--clinical
presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment
#MMPMID25359236
Zeanah CH
; Gleason MM
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
2015[Mar]; 56
(3
): 207-22
PMID25359236
show ga
BACKGROUND: Though noted in the clinical literature for more than 50 years,
attachment disorders have been studied systematically only recently. In part
because of the ubiquity of attachments in humans, determining when aberrant
behavior is best explained as an attachment disorder as opposed to insecure
attachment has led to some confusion. In this selective review, we consider the
literature on reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement
disorder and describe an emerging consensus about a number of issues, while also
noting some areas of controversy and others where we lack clear answers. We
include a brief history of the classification of the disorders, as well as
measurement issues. We describe their clinical presentation, causes and
vulnerability factors, and clinical correlates, including the relation of
disorders to secure and insecure attachment classifications. We also review what
little is known and what more we need to learn about interventions. METHODS: We
conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library
databases, using search terms 'reactive attachment disorder,' 'attachment
disorder,' 'indiscriminate behavior,' 'indiscriminate friendliness,'
'indiscriminate socially disinhibited reactive attachment disorder,'
'disinhibited social engagement disorder,' and 'disinhibited social behavior.' We
also contacted investigators who have published on these topics. FINDINGS: A
growing literature has assessed behaviors in children who have experienced
various types of adverse caregiving environments reflecting signs of putative
attachment disorders, though fewer studies have investigated categorically
defined attachment disorders. The evidence for two separate disorders is
considerable, with reactive attachment disorder indicating children who lack
attachments despite the developmental capacity to form them, and disinhibited
social engagement disorder indicating children who lack developmentally
appropriate reticence with unfamiliar adults and who violate socially sanctioned
boundaries. CONCLUSIONS: Although many questions remain to be answered,
especially regarding appropriate interventions, we know considerably more about
attachment disorders than we did only a decade ago.