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2015 ; 37
(3
): 324-34
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Ubiquitous transcription factors display structural plasticity and diverse
functions: NusG proteins - Shifting shapes and paradigms
#MMPMID25640595
NandyMazumdar M
; Artsimovitch I
Bioessays
2015[Mar]; 37
(3
): 324-34
PMID25640595
show ga
Numerous accessory factors modulate RNA polymerase response to regulatory signals
and cellular cues and establish communications with co-transcriptional RNA
processing. Transcription regulators are astonishingly diverse, with similar
mechanisms arising via convergent evolution. NusG/Spt5 elongation factors
comprise the only universally conserved and ancient family of regulators. They
bind to the conserved clamp helices domain of RNA polymerase, which also
interacts with non-homologous initiation factors in all domains of life, and
reach across the DNA channel to form processivity clamps that enable
uninterrupted RNA chain synthesis. In addition to this ubiquitous function, NusG
homologs exert diverse, and sometimes opposite, effects on gene expression by
competing with each other and other regulators for binding to the clamp helices
and by recruiting auxiliary factors that facilitate termination, antitermination,
splicing, translation, etc. This surprisingly diverse range of activities and the
underlying unprecedented structural changes make studies of these "transformer"
proteins both challenging and rewarding.