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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Clin+Perinatol 2015 ; 42 (1): 61-viii Nephropedia Template TP
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Perinatal cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus infections: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment #MMPMID25677997
Bialas KM; Swamy GK; Permar SR
Clin Perinatol 2015[Mar]; 42 (1): 61-viii PMID25677997show ga
Mother-to-child transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) can lead to severe birth defects and neurologic impairment of infants. Congenital CMV is the most common congenital infection and the leading infectious cause of infant hearing loss and neurologic deficits, complicating up to 1% of all pregnancies globally. While antiviral treatment of congenitally CMV-infected infants can ameliorate the CMV-associated hearing loss and developmental delay, interventions to prevent congenital CMV infection and the associated neurologic impairments are still being evaluated. Moreover, an effective CMV vaccine to protect mothers against CMV acquisition during pregnancy is urgently needed to reduce the sizeable health and economic burden of this disease. In contrast, congenital VZV infection is rare, attributable to the availability of an effective VZV vaccine, high rates of preexisting VZV immunity prior to pregnancy, and poorly efficient in utero VZV transmission. Moreover, passive immunization of exposed pregnant women or infants with VZV hyperimmune globulin can prevent severe disease in those that do not have prior immunity. Active and passive immunization strategies to prevent perinatal CMV infection with similar efficacy to those established to prevent perinatal VZV infections are a critical need in pediatric health.