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2015 ; 26
(4
): 740-50
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Clathrin-dependent entry and vesicle-mediated exocytosis define insulin
transcytosis across microvascular endothelial cells
#MMPMID25540431
Azizi PM
; Zyla RE
; Guan S
; Wang C
; Liu J
; Bolz SS
; Heit B
; Klip A
; Lee WL
Mol Biol Cell
2015[Feb]; 26
(4
): 740-50
PMID25540431
show ga
Transport of insulin across the microvasculature is necessary to reach its target
organs (e.g., adipose and muscle tissues) and is rate limiting in insulin action.
Morphological evidence suggests that insulin enters endothelial cells of the
microvasculature, and studies with large vessel-derived endothelial cells show
insulin uptake; however, little is known about the actual transcytosis of insulin
and how this occurs in the relevant microvascular endothelial cells. We report an
approach to study insulin transcytosis across individual, primary human adipose
microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs), involving insulin uptake followed by
vesicle-mediated exocytosis visualized by total internal reflection fluorescence
microscopy. In this setting, fluorophore-conjugated insulin exocytosis depended
on its initial binding and uptake, which was saturable and much greater than in
muscle cells. Unlike its degradation within muscle cells, insulin was stable
within HAMECs and escaped lysosomal colocalization. Insulin transcytosis required
dynamin but was unaffected by caveolin-1 knockdown or cholesterol depletion.
Instead, insulin transcytosis was significantly inhibited by the
clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor Pitstop 2 or siRNA-mediated clathrin
depletion. Accordingly, insulin internalized for 1 min in HAMECs colocalized with
clathrin far more than with caveolin-1. This study constitutes the first evidence
of vesicle-mediated insulin transcytosis and highlights that its initial uptake
is clathrin dependent and caveolae independent.