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2014 ; 56
(2
): 286-297
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5mC oxidation by Tet2 modulates enhancer activity and timing of transcriptome
reprogramming during differentiation
#MMPMID25263596
Hon GC
; Song CX
; Du T
; Jin F
; Selvaraj S
; Lee AY
; Yen CA
; Ye Z
; Mao SQ
; Wang BA
; Kuan S
; Edsall LE
; Zhao BS
; Xu GL
; He C
; Ren B
Mol Cell
2014[Oct]; 56
(2
): 286-297
PMID25263596
show ga
In mammals, cytosine methylation (5mC) is widely distributed throughout the
genome but is notably depleted from active promoters and enhancers. While the
role of DNA methylation in promoter silencing has been well documented, the
function of this epigenetic mark at enhancers remains unclear. Recent experiments
have demonstrated that enhancers are enriched for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC),
an oxidization product of the Tet family of 5mC dioxygenases and an intermediate
of DNA demethylation. These results support the involvement of Tet proteins in
the regulation of dynamic DNA methylation at enhancers. By mapping DNA
methylation and hydroxymethylation at base resolution, we find that deletion of
Tet2 causes extensive loss of 5hmC at enhancers, accompanied by enhancer
hypermethylation, reduction of enhancer activity, and delayed gene induction in
the early steps of differentiation. Our results reveal that DNA demethylation
modulates enhancer activity, and its disruption influences the timing of
transcriptome reprogramming during cellular differentiation.