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10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.005

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.005
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid25526313      Immunity 2014 ; 41 (6): 1026-39
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  • The coinhibitory receptor CTLA-4 Controls B cell Responses by Modulating T Follicular Helper, T Follicular Regulatory and T Regulatory Cells #MMPMID25526313
  • Sage PT; Paterson AM; Lovitch SB; Sharpe AH
  • Immunity 2014[Dec]; 41 (6): 1026-39 PMID25526313show ga
  • The receptor CTLA-4 has been implicated in controlling B cell responses, but the mechanisms by which CTLA-4 regulates antibody production are not known. Here we showed deletion of CTLA-4 in adult mice increased Tfh and Tfr cell numbers, and augmented B cell responses. In the effector phase, loss of CTLA-4 on Tfh cells resulted in heightened B cell responses, whereas loss of CTLA-4 on Tfr cells resulted in defective suppression of antigen-specific antibody responses. We also found that non-Tfr Treg cells could suppress B cells responses through CTLA-4, and that Treg and/or Tfr cells may downregulate B7-2 on B cells outside germinal centers as a means of suppression. Within the germinal center, however, Tfr cells potently suppress B cells through CTLA-4, but with a mechanism independent of altering B7-1 or B7-2. Thus, we identify multifaceted regulatory roles for CTLA-4 in Tfh, Tfr and Treg cells, which together control humoral immunity.
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