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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Anal+Chem
2015 ; 87
(2
): 1281-7
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Investigating protein folding and unfolding in electrospray nanodrops upon rapid
mixing using theta-glass emitters
#MMPMID25525976
Mortensen DN
; Williams ER
Anal Chem
2015[Jan]; 87
(2
): 1281-7
PMID25525976
show ga
Theta-glass emitters are used to rapidly mix two solutions to induce either
protein folding or unfolding during nanoelectrospray (nanoESI). Mixing
acid-denatured myoglobin with an aqueous ammonium acetate solution to increase
solution pH results in protein folding during nanoESI. A reaction time and upper
limit to the droplet lifetime of 9 ± 2 ?s is obtained from the relative abundance
of the folded conformer in these rapid mixing experiments compared to that
obtained from solutions at equilibrium and a folding time constant of 7 ?s. Heme
reincorporation does not occur, consistent with the short droplet lifetime and
the much longer time constant for this process. Similar mixing experiments with
acid-denatured cytochrome c and the resulting folding during nanoESI indicate a
reaction time of between 7 and 25 ?s depending on the solution composition. The
extent of unfolding of holo-myoglobin upon rapid mixing with theta-glass emitters
is less than that reported previously ( Fisher et al. Anal. Chem. 2014 , 86 ,
4581 - 4588 ), a result that is attributed to the much smaller, ?1.5 ?m, average
o.d. tips used here. These results indicate that the time frame during which
protein folding or unfolding can occur during nanoESI depends both on the initial
droplet size, which can be varied by changing the emitter tip diameter, and on
the solution composition. This study demonstrates that protein folding or
unfolding processes that occur on the ?10 ?s time scale can be readily
investigated using rapid mixing with theta-glass emitters combined with mass
spectrometry.