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2014 ; 55
(12
): 1969-77
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A model of posttraumatic epilepsy after penetrating brain injuries: effect of
lesion size and metal fragments
#MMPMID25470332
Kendirli MT
; Rose DT
; Bertram EH
Epilepsia
2014[Dec]; 55
(12
): 1969-77
PMID25470332
show ga
OBJECTIVE: Penetrating brain injury (PBI) has the highest risk for inducing
posttraumatic epilepsy, and those PBIs with retained foreign materials such as
bullet fragments carry the greatest risk. This study examines the potential
contribution of copper, a major component of bullets, to the development of
epilepsy following PBI. METHODS: Anesthetized adult male rats received a
penetrating injury from the dorsal cortex to the ventral hippocampus from a high
speed small bit drill. In one group of animals, copper wire was inserted into the
lesion. Control animals had only the lesion or the lesion plus stainless steel
wire (biologically inert foreign body). From 6 to up to 11 months following the
injury the rats were monitored intermittently for the development of epilepsy
with video-electroencephalography (EEG). A separate set of animals was examined
for possible acute seizures in the week following the injury. RESULTS: Twenty-two
of the 23 animals with copper wire developed chronic epilepsy, compared to three
of the 20 control rats (lesion and lesion with stainless steel). Copper was
associated with more extensive injury. The control rats with epilepsy had larger
lesions. In the acute injury group, there was no difference in the incidence of
seizures (83% lesion plus stainless steel, 70% lesion plus copper). SIGNIFICANCE:
Copper increases the risk for epilepsy and may increase damage over time, but
there were no differences between the groups in the incidence of acute postinjury
seizures. Lesion size may contribute to epilepsy development in lesion-only
animals. Copper may be an independent risk factor for the development of epilepsy
and possible secondary injury, but lesion size also contributes to the
development of epilepsy. The consequences of prolonged exposure of the brain to
copper observed in these animals may have clinical implications that require
further evaluation.