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Enhanced recognition of plasma proteins in a non-native state by complement C3b
A possible clearance mechanism for damaged proteins in blood
#MMPMID25466612
Ramadass M
; Ghebrehiwet B
; Kew RR
Mol Immunol
2015[Mar]; 64
(1
): 55-62
PMID25466612
show ga
Complement C3 is a key fluid-phase protein of the immune system that covalently
tags pathogenic cells and molecules for subsequent clearance. Previously, we
reported that complement activation results in the formation of multiple
C3b:plasma protein complexes in serum. However, it is not known if C3b attaches
to any plasma protein in close proximity or preferentially binds damaged
proteins. The objective of this study was to determine if C3b couples to plasma
proteins in a non-native state and if this could be a potential mechanism to
detect and clear damaged proteins from the blood. Using a purified in vitro
system with alternative pathway proteins C3, factors B and D it was observed that
guanidinium-HCl denaturation of three purified plasma proteins (albumin, alpha-1
proteinase inhibitor, vitamin D binding protein) greatly increased their capacity
to form covalent complexes with C3b. However, native vitamin D binding protein,
covalently attached to C3b, still retained the ability to bind its natural ligand
G-actin, indicating that C3b links to plasma proteins in their native
configuration but denaturation substantially increases this interaction. Serum
complement activation generated a large number of C3b:plasma protein complexes
that bound red blood cell membranes, suggesting a CR1-mediated clearance
mechanism. Thermally denatured (60°C) serum activated the alternative pathway
when added to fresh serum as evidenced by factor B cleavage and iC3b generation,
but this heat-treated serum could not generate the pro-inflammatory peptide C5a.
These results show that C3 recognizes and tags damaged plasma proteins for
subsequent removal from the blood without triggering proinflammatory functions.