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2014 ; 426
(24
): 4074-4086
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Lysophospholipid-containing membranes modulate the fibril formation of the repeat
domain of a human functional amyloid, pmel17
#MMPMID25451784
Jiang Z
; Lee JC
J Mol Biol
2014[Dec]; 426
(24
): 4074-4086
PMID25451784
show ga
Pmel17 is an important protein for pigmentation in human skin and eyes.
Proteolytic fragments from Pmel17 form fibrils upon which melanin is deposited in
melanosomes. The repeat domain (RPT) derived from Pmel17 only forms fibrils under
acidic melanosomal conditions. Here, we examined the effects of lipids on RPT
aggregation to explore whether intramelanosomal vesicles can facilitate
fibrillogenesis. Using transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism, and
fluorescence spectroscopy, we monitored fibril formation at the ultrastructural,
secondary conformational, and local levels, respectively. Phospholipid vesicles
and lysophospholipid (lysolipid) micelles were employed as membrane mimics. The
surfactant-like lysolipids are particularly pertinent due to their high content
in melanosomal membranes. Interestingly, RPT aggregation kinetics were influenced
only by lysolipid-containing phospholipid vesicles. While both vesicles
containing either anionic lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) or zwitterionic
lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) stimulate aggregation, LPG exerted a greater effect
on reducing the apparent nucleation time. A detailed comparison showed distinct
behaviors of LPG versus LPC monomers and micelles plausibly originating from
their headgroup hydrogen bonding capabilities. Acceleration and retardation of
aggregation were observed for LPG monomers and micelles, respectively. Because a
specific interaction between LPG and RPT was identified by intrinsic W423
fluorescence and induced ?-helical structure, it is inferred that binding of LPG
near the C-terminal amyloid core initiates intermolecular association, whereas
stabilization of ?-helical conformation inhibits ?-sheet formation.
Contrastingly, LPC promotes RPT aggregation at both submicellar and micellar
concentrations via non-specific binding with undetectable secondary structural
change. Our findings suggest that protein-lysolipid interactions within
melanosomes may regulate amyloid formation in vivo.