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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Am+J+Pathol
2014 ; 184
(12
): 3384-93
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uPAR induces expression of transforming growth factor ? and interleukin-4 in
cancer cells to promote tumor-permissive conditioning of macrophages
#MMPMID25310970
Hu J
; Jo M
; Eastman BM
; Gilder AS
; Bui JD
; Gonias SL
Am J Pathol
2014[Dec]; 184
(12
): 3384-93
PMID25310970
show ga
Cancer cells condition macrophages and other inflammatory cells in the tumor
microenvironment so that these cells are more permissive for cancer growth and
metastasis. Conditioning of inflammatory cells reflects, at least in part,
soluble mediators (such as transforming growth factor ? and IL-4) that are
released by cancer cells and alter the phenotype of cells of the innate immune
system. Signaling pathways in cancer cells that potentiate this activity are
incompletely understood. The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is a cell-signaling
receptor known to promote cancer cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and
cancer stem cell-like properties. The present findings show that uPAR expression
in diverse cancer cells, including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and
glioblastoma cells, promotes the ability of these cells to condition co-cultured
bone marrow-derived macrophages so that the macrophages express significantly
increased levels of arginase 1, a biomarker of the alternatively activated M2
macrophage phenotype. Expression of transforming growth factor ? was
substantially increased in uPAR-expressing cancer cells via a mechanism that
requires uPA-initiated cell signaling. uPAR also controlled expression of IL-4 in
cancer cells via a mechanism that involves activation of ERK1/2. The ability of
uPAR to induce expression of factors that condition macrophages in the tumor
microenvironment may constitute an important mechanism by which uPAR promotes
cancer progression.