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10.1152/ajpendo.00130.2014 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1152/ajpendo.00130.2014 C4254984!4254984!25249503     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Am+J+Physiol+Endocrinol+Metab 2014 ; 307 (11): E955-68 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=25249503|t=2014. Physiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide |pdf=|usr=}}{{25249503}} gab.com Text Physiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide JO: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25249503 #FOAvip Connecting Peptide, or C-peptide, is a product of the insulin prohormone, and is released with and in amounts equimolar to those of insulin. While it was once thought that C-peptide was biologically inert and had little biological significance beyond its role in the proper folding of insulin, it is now known that C-peptide binds specifically to the cell membranes of a variety of tissues and initiates specific intracellular signaling cascades that are pertussis toxin sensitive. Although it is now clear that C-peptide is a biologically active molecule, controversy still remains as to the physiological significance of the peptide. Interestingly, C-peptide appears to reverse the deleterious effects of high glucose in some tissues, including the kidney, the peripheral nerves, and the vasculature. C-peptide is thus a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated long-term complications. This review addresses the possible physiologically relevant roles of C-peptide in both normal and disease states and discusses the effects of the peptide on sensory nerve, renal, and vascular function. Furthermore, we highlight the intracellular effects of the peptide and present novel strategies for the determination of the C-peptide receptor(s). Finally, a hypothesis is offered concerning the relationship between C-peptide and the development of microvascular complications of diabetes. Twit Text FOAVip Physiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide ????Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25249503 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25249503 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|25249503}}</ref> Physiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptide #MMPMID25249503 Yosten GLC; Maric-Bilkan C; Luppi P; Wahren J Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014[Dec]; 307 (11): E955-68 PMID25249503show ga Connecting Peptide, or C-peptide, is a product of the insulin prohormone, and is released with and in amounts equimolar to those of insulin. While it was once thought that C-peptide was biologically inert and had little biological significance beyond its role in the proper folding of insulin, it is now known that C-peptide binds specifically to the cell membranes of a variety of tissues and initiates specific intracellular signaling cascades that are pertussis toxin sensitive. Although it is now clear that C-peptide is a biologically active molecule, controversy still remains as to the physiological significance of the peptide. Interestingly, C-peptide appears to reverse the deleterious effects of high glucose in some tissues, including the kidney, the peripheral nerves, and the vasculature. C-peptide is thus a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated long-term complications. This review addresses the possible physiologically relevant roles of C-peptide in both normal and disease states and discusses the effects of the peptide on sensory nerve, renal, and vascular function. Furthermore, we highlight the intracellular effects of the peptide and present novel strategies for the determination of the C-peptide receptor(s). Finally, a hypothesis is offered concerning the relationship between C-peptide and the development of microvascular complications of diabetes. äPhysiological effects and therapeutic potential of proinsulin C-peptid(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing