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Huang L; Gebreselassie NG; Gagliardo LF; Ruyechan MC; Lee NA; Lee JJ; Appleton JA
J Immunol 2014[Oct]; 193 (8): 4178-87 PMID25210122show ga
Eosinophilia is a feature of the host immune response that distinguishes parasitic worms from other pathogens, yet a discrete function for eosinophils in worm infection has been elusive. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism(s) underlying the striking and unexpected observation that eosinophils protect intracellular, muscle-stage Trichinella spiralis larvae against NO-mediated killing. Our findings indicate that eosinophils are specifically recruited to sites of infection at the earliest stage of muscle infection, consistent with a local response to injury. Early recruitment is essential for larval survival. By producing IL-10 at the initiation of infection, eosinophils expand IL-10+ myeloid dendritic cells and CD4+ IL-10+ T lymphocytes that inhibit iNOS expression and protect intracellular larvae. The results document a novel immunoregulatory function of eosinophils in helminth infection, in which eosinophil-derived IL-10 drives immune responses that eventually limit local nitric oxide production. In this way, the parasite co-opts an immune response in a way that enhances its own survival.