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2014 ; 289
(47
): 32871-82
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Conformational rearrangements in the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, as it inserts
into mitochondria: a cellular death switch
#MMPMID25315775
Gahl RF
; He Y
; Yu S
; Tjandra N
J Biol Chem
2014[Nov]; 289
(47
): 32871-82
PMID25315775
show ga
The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins regulates the activation of
apoptosis through the mitochondria pathway. Pro- and anti-apoptotic members of
this family keep each other in check until the correct time to commit to
apoptosis. The point of no return for this commitment is the permeabilization of
the outer mitochondrial membrane. Translocation of the pro-apoptotic member, Bax,
from the cytosol to the mitochondria is the molecular signature of this event. We
employed a novel method to reliably detect Förster resonance energy transfer
(FRET) between pairs of fluorophores to identify intra-molecular conformational
changes and inter-molecular contacts in Bax as this translocation occurs in live
cells. In the cytosol, our FRET measurement indicated that the C-terminal helix
is exposed instead of tucked away in the core of the protein. In addition
fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) showed that cytosolic Bax diffuses
much slower than expected, suggesting possible complex formation or transient
membrane interaction. Cross-linking the C-terminal helix (?9) to helix ?4 reduced
the potential of those interactions to occur. After translocation, our FRET
measurements showed that Bax molecules form homo-oligomers in the mitochondria
through two distinct interfaces involving the BH3 domain (helix ?2) and the
C-terminal helix. These findings have implications for possible contacts with
other Bcl-2 proteins necessary for the regulation of apoptosis.
|*Protein Conformation
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Apoptosis/drug effects
[MESH]
|Cells, Cultured
[MESH]
|Cytosol/metabolism
[MESH]
|Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
[MESH]
|Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism
[MESH]
|Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
[MESH]
|Mice
[MESH]
|Mitochondria/*metabolism
[MESH]
|Models, Molecular
[MESH]
|Mutation
[MESH]
|Protein Structure, Secondary
[MESH]
|Protein Transport
[MESH]
|Quinolinium Compounds/chemistry
[MESH]
|Spectrometry, Fluorescence
[MESH]
|Staurosporine/pharmacology
[MESH]
|bcl-2-Associated X Protein/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
[MESH]