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2014 ; 53
(45
): 7067-75
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Stationary-phase EPR for exploring protein structure, conformation, and dynamics
in spin-labeled proteins
#MMPMID25333901
López CJ
; Fleissner MR
; Brooks EK
; Hubbell WL
Biochemistry
2014[Nov]; 53
(45
): 7067-75
PMID25333901
show ga
Proteins tethered to solid supports are of increasing interest in bioanalytical
chemistry and protein science in general. However, the extent to which tethering
modifies the energy landscape and dynamics of the protein is most often unknown
because there are few biophysical methods that can determine secondary and
tertiary structures and explore conformational equilibria and dynamics of a
tethered protein with site-specific resolution. Site-directed spin labeling
(SDSL) combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) offers a unique
opportunity for this purpose. Here, we employ a general strategy using unnatural
amino acids that enables efficient and site-specific tethering of a spin-labeled
protein to a Sepharose solid support. Remarkably, EPR spectra of spin-labeled T4
lysozyme (T4L) reveal that a single site-specific attachment suppresses
rotational motion of the protein sufficiently to allow interpretation of the
spectral line shape in terms of protein internal dynamics. Importantly, line
shape analysis and distance mapping using double electron-electron resonance
reveal that internal dynamics, the tertiary fold, conformational equilibria, and
ligand binding of the tethered proteins were similar to those in solution, in
contrast to random attachment via native lysine residues. The results of this
study set the stage for the development of an EPR-based flow system that will
house soluble and membrane proteins immobilized site-specifically, thereby
enabling facile screening of structural and dynamical effects of binding
partners.