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2014 ; 178
(2
): 201-11
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The route to pathologies in chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by T
helper type 2 immune cells
#MMPMID24981014
Jovanovic K
; Siebeck M
; Gropp R
Clin Exp Immunol
2014[Nov]; 178
(2
): 201-11
PMID24981014
show ga
T helper type 2 (Th2)-characterized inflammatory responses are highly dynamic
processes initiated by epithelial cell damage resulting in remodelling of the
tissue architecture to prevent further harm caused by a dysfunctional epithelial
barrier or migrating parasites. This process is a temporal and spatial response
which requires communication between immobile cells such as epithelial,
endothelial, fibroblast and muscle cells and the highly mobile cells of the
innate and adaptive immunity. It is further characterized by a high cellular
plasticity that enables the cells to adapt to a specific inflammatory milieu.
Incipiently, this milieu is shaped by cytokines released from epithelial cells,
which stimulate Th2, innate lymphoid and invariant natural killer (NK)?T cells to
secrete Th2 cytokines and to activate dendritic cells which results in the
further differentiation of Th2 cells. This milieu promotes wound-healing
processes which are beneficial in parasitic infections or toxin exposure but
account for increasingly dysfunctional vital organs, such as the lung in the case
of asthma and the colon in ulcerative colitis. A better understanding of the
dynamics underlying relapses and remissions might lead ultimately to improved
therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases adapted to individual needs and to
different phases of the inflammation.
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